Короткие (1 слог)
Форма: adj + er / the + adj + est
- tall → taller → tallest
- cheap → cheaper → cheapest
- old → older → oldest
- fast → faster → fastest
Базовое правило для односложных: просто +er и +est.
Сравнительная и превосходная степень (er/est, more/most), as...as, much/many/less/fewer — правила и примеры.
Форма: adj + er / the + adj + est
Базовое правило для односложных: просто +er и +est.
Форма: удвоить согласную + er/est
Если в конце «согласная-гласная-согласная» — последнюю букву удваиваем.
Форма: + r / + st
Уже есть -e на конце — добавляем только -r / -st.
Форма: y → i + er/est
-y превращается в -i: happy → happier.
Форма: more + adj / the most + adj
Длинные прилагательные НЕ берут -er/-est. Только more / most.
Форма: more / most (не -er!)
Хоть и один слог, но на -ed всегда more/most. Не *boreder.
Форма: less + adj … / the least + adj
less — противоположность more («менее …»), the least — «наименее».
Форма: надо запомнить
Самые частые — учим наизусть. Не *gooder, не *more good.
| Конструкция | Пример |
|---|---|
| comparative + than | She is taller than me. This phone is cheaper than that one. |
| the + superlative | He is the tallest in the class. It's the best film of the year. |
| as … as (равенство) | She is as tall as her brother. (= одинаковые) |
| not as … as (меньше) | This is not as expensive as I thought. (= дешевле) |
| much / a bit + comparative | It's much bigger. / It's a bit cheaper. (усиление) |
| Частая ошибка | Не *more taller, не *the most biggest — нельзя смешивать -er/est и more/most. |
| Конструкция | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| as + прил./нар. + as | равенство — «такой же … как» | She is as tall as her brother. · Run as fast as you can. |
| not as / so + … + as | «не такой … как» (= меньше) | This isn't as expensive as I thought. · He's not so old as me. |
| as many + (счисл.) + as | одинаковое количество (исчисляемое) | I have as many books as you. (books — мн. ч.) |
| as much + (несчисл.) + as | одинаковое количество (неисчисляемое) | She earns as much money as him. (money — неисчисл.) |
| twice / three times as … as | кратное сравнение | This car is twice as expensive as that one. |
| as … as possible | «насколько возможно» | Come as soon as possible. · Be as quiet as possible. |
| the same as | «такой же, как» (через существительное) | My phone is the same as yours. |
| Слово | Значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| more + сущ. | больше (и счисл., и несчисл.) | I need more time. · We have more books now. |
| less + несчисл. | меньше (неисчисляемое) | I have less money than before. · Drink less coffee. |
| fewer + счисл. мн.ч. | меньше (исчисляемое) | There are fewer cars today. · fewer people |
| as much + несчисл. + as | столько же (неисчисляемое) | I don't earn as much money as my boss. |
| as many + счисл. + as | столько же (исчисляемое) | I don't have as many books as I used to. |
| much / far / a lot + comparative | усиление: «намного …» | It's much bigger. · far more expensive · a lot better |
| a bit / a little + comparative | смягчение: «немного …» | It's a bit cheaper. · a little faster |
| Местоимения после than / as | She's taller than me. ИЛИ than I am. НЕ than I. |
| in, а не of, после превосходной | It's the longest bridge in the world. НЕ of the world. |
| Превосходная + Present Perfect + ever | It's the best book I've ever read. |
| Притяжательное вместо the | my best friend · their most famous song (без the). |