Времена английского языка

Все английские времена: когда какое использовать, формулы, сигналы и примеры — Present, Past и Future (Simple, Continuous, Perfect).

Present — настоящее

Present Simple

Регулярные действия, факты, расписание.

Сигналы: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, on Mondays

Утверждение	S + V1 / V1+s (she/he/it) I work here. She works here.
Отрицание	S + don't / doesn't + V1 I don't work here. She doesn't work.
Вопрос	Do / Does + S + V1 ? Do you work here? Does she work?

Present Continuous

Действие происходит прямо сейчас или временно в этот период.

Сигналы: now, right now, at the moment, currently, Look!, Listen!

Утверждение	S + am/is/are + V-ing I am working now. She is studying.
Отрицание	S + am/is/are not + V-ing I'm not working. She isn't studying.
Вопрос	Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ? Are you working now? Is she studying?

Present Perfect

Прошлое действие, результат которого важен сейчас. Точное время НЕ указываем.

Сигналы: just, already, yet, ever, never, recently, so far

Утверждение	S + have / has + V3 I have finished it. She has arrived.
Отрицание	S + haven't / hasn't + V3 I haven't finished yet. She hasn't called.
Вопрос	Have / Has + S + V3 ? Have you finished? Has she called?

Present Perfect Continuous

Началось в прошлом, продолжается сейчас. Акцент на процессе и длительности.

Сигналы: for, since, how long, all day, all morning, lately

Утверждение	S + have/has been + V-ing I've been working for 2 hours. She has been waiting.
Отрицание	S + haven't/hasn't been + V-ing I haven't been sleeping well. She hasn't been running.
Вопрос	Have/Has + S + been + V-ing ? How long have you been waiting? Has she been crying?

Past — прошедшее

Past Simple

Конкретное завершенное действие в прошлом. Обычно указано время.

Сигналы: yesterday, ago, last week, in 2020, once, at 5 pm

Утверждение	S + V2 (правильные → +ed) I worked there. She went home.
Отрицание	S + didn't + V1 (основа!) I didn't work there. She didn't go.
Вопрос	Did + S + V1 (основа!) ? Did you work there? Did she go home?

Past Continuous

Действие было в процессе в определенный момент. Часто фон для другого события.

Сигналы: at 8 pm yesterday, when…, while…, at that moment, all morning

Утверждение	S + was / were + V-ing I was working at 8 pm. They were talking.
Отрицание	S + wasn't / weren't + V-ing I wasn't listening. They weren't working.
Вопрос	Was / Were + S + V-ing ? Were you sleeping? Was she crying?

Past Perfect

Действие A произошло ДО действия B (оба в прошлом).

Сигналы: before, after, by the time, already, by 2020, as soon as

Утверждение	S + had + V3 She had left before I arrived. He had eaten.
Отрицание	S + hadn't + V3 I hadn't seen him before. She hadn't finished.
Вопрос	Had + S + V3 ? Had you met her before? Had it stopped?

Past Perfect Continuous

Действие длилось какое-то время ДО другого момента в прошлом.

Сигналы: for, since, before, when, by the time, all day (before)

Утверждение	S + had been + V-ing I had been working for 3 hours when she called.
Отрицание	S + hadn't been + V-ing He hadn't been sleeping well before the trip.
Вопрос	Had + S + been + V-ing ? Had you been waiting long?

Future — будущее

Future Simple (will)

Спонтанное решение, предсказание, обещание. НЕ для заранее запланированного.

Сигналы: tomorrow, soon, next year, probably, I think…, I promise

Утверждение	S + will + V1 I will help you. She will arrive soon.
Отрицание	S + won't + V1 I won't tell anyone. She won't be late.
Вопрос	Will + S + V1 ? Will you help me? Will she come?

be going to

Заранее запланированное действие или прогноз на основе того, что видим сейчас.

Сигналы: tonight, next week, I plan to…, Look! It's going to…, I've decided

Утверждение	S + am/is/are going to + V1 I'm going to visit her. It's going to rain.
Отрицание	S + am/is/are not going to + V1 I'm not going to quit. She isn't going to come.
Вопрос	Am/Is/Are + S going to + V1 ? Are you going to stay? Is it going to rain?

Future Continuous

Действие будет в процессе в конкретный момент в будущем.

Сигналы: at 8 pm tomorrow, this time next week, while…, by then

Утверждение	S + will be + V-ing I'll be sleeping at midnight. She will be working.
Отрицание	S + won't be + V-ing I won't be waiting. He won't be driving.
Вопрос	Will + S + be + V-ing ? Will you be using the car? Will she be staying?

Future Perfect

Действие завершится к определенному моменту в будущем.

Сигналы: by Monday, by the time, by 2030, before (future)

Утверждение	S + will have + V3 By Monday I will have finished. She'll have left by 5.
Отрицание	S + won't have + V3 I won't have finished by then.
Вопрос	Will + S + have + V3 ? Will you have finished by 5?

Future Perfect Continuous

Действие будет длиться к определенному моменту в будущем.

Сигналы: by…, for…, by the time

Утверждение	S + will have been + V-ing By June I'll have been studying for 2 years.
Отрицание	S + won't have been + V-ing She won't have been working here long.
Вопрос	Will + S + have been + V-ing ? How long will you have been waiting?

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